It is debated whether she was also known as Curitis before the evocatio of the Juno of Falerii: this though seems probable. In Rome she was since the most ancient times named Lucina, Mater and Regina. Latte's understanding of the iuvenes, the army), in Umbria at Pisaurum Lucina, at Terventum in Samnium Regina, at Pisarum Regina Matrona, at Aesernia in Samnium Regina Populona. Outside Latium in Campania at Teanum she was Populona (she who increase the number of the people or, in K. In five Latin towns a month was named after Juno (Aricia, Lanuvium, Laurentum, Praeneste, Tibur). She is also attested at Praeneste, Aricia, Ardea, Gabii. She was present in many towns of ancient Italy: at Lanuvium as Sespeis Mater Regina, Laurentum, Tibur, Falerii, Veii as Regina, at Tibur and Falerii as Regina and Curitis, Tusculum and Norba as Lucina. Juno is certainly the divine protectress of the community, who shows both a sovereign and a fertility character, often associated with a military one. While her connection with the idea of vital force, the fullness of vital energy, and eternal youthfulness is now generally acknowledged, the multiplicity and complexity of her personality have given rise to various and sometimes irreconcilable interpretations among modern scholars. However, other epithets of Juno have wider implications and are less thematically linked. In accordance with her central role as a goddess of marriage, these included Pronuba and Cinxia ("she who looses the bride's girdle"). Even more than other major Roman deities, Juno held a large number of significant and diverse epithets, names and titles representing various aspects and roles of the goddess. Juno's theology is one of the most complex and disputed issues in Roman religion. Nephele sits at Mercury's feet a Roman fresco from the eastern wall of the triclinium in the House of the Vettii, Pompeii, Fourth Style (60–79 AD). On the left is Vulcan ( blond figure) standing behind the wheel, manning it, with Ixion already tied to it. Punishment of Ixion: in the center is Mercury holding the caduceus and on the right Juno sits on her throne. Īncient etymologies associated Juno's name with iuvare, "to aid, benefit", and iuvenescere, "rejuvenate", sometimes connecting it to the renewal of the new and waxing moon, perhaps implying the idea of a moon goddess. Iuventas, "Youth", was one of two deities who "refused" to leave the Capitol when the building of the new Temple of Capitoline Jove required the exauguration of deities who already occupied the site. In some inscriptions Jupiter himself is called Iuuntus, and one of the epithets of Jupiter is Ioviste, a superlative form of iuuen- meaning "the youngest". The iuvenis is he who has the fullness of vital force. Iuuen- is related to Latin aevum and Greek aion (αἰών) through a common Indo-European root referring to a concept of vital energy or "fertile time". This etymology became widely accepted after it was endorsed by Georg Wissowa. At the beginning of the 20th century, a derivation was proposed from iuven- (as in Latin iuvenis, "youth"), through a syncopated form iūn- (as in iūnix, "heifer", and iūnior, "younger"). ![]() The name Juno was also once thought to be connected to Iove (Jove), originally as Diuno and Diove from *Diovona. The traditional depiction of this warlike aspect was assimilated from the Greek goddess Athena, who bore a goatskin, or a goatskin shield, called the aegis. She was often shown armed and wearing a goatskin cloak. Juno's own warlike aspect among the Romans is apparent in her attire. As the patron goddess of Rome and the Roman Empire, Juno was called Regina ("Queen") and was a member of the Capitoline Triad ( Juno Capitolina), centered on the Capitoline Hill in Rome, and also including Jupiter, and Minerva, goddess of wisdom. Her Etruscan counterpart was Uni, and she was said to also watch over the women of Rome. Like Hera, her sacred animal was the peacock. A daughter of Saturn, she was the sister and wife of Jupiter and the mother of Mars, Vulcan, Bellona and Juventas. She was equated to Hera, queen of the gods in Greek mythology and a goddess of love and marriage. Juno ( English: / ˈ dʒ uː n oʊ/ JOO-noh Latin Iūnō ) was an ancient Roman goddess, the protector and special counsellor of the state. Juno Sospita, a plaster cast based on an original in the Vatican Museums
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